Creating Microbeams and Nanobeams by Channeling in Micro- and Nano-structures

A particle beam of very small cross-section is useful in many accelerator applications including biological and medical ones. We show the capability of channeling technique using a micron-sized structure on a surface of a single crystal, or using a nanotube, to produce beam of a cross-section down to 1 square micrometer (or nanometer). The channeled beam can be deflected and well separated in angle and space from the primary and scattered particles. According to our Monte Carlo simulations of channeling and experience with crystal channeling at IHEP (Protvino), emittances down to 0.10.001 nanometer-radian, and flux up to 1 million ions per square micron per second, can be achieved for protons and ions in the range 0.1-3 GeV/u. We discuss the experimental techniques to achieve suitable structures for particle beam channeling.